What distinguishes a variance from a special use permit?

A variance is primarily concerned with allowing deviation from existing zoning requirements. This means that when a property owner is unable to comply with certain zoning regulations due to unique circumstances related to the property—such as its size, shape, or topography—they can apply for a variance. This allows them to make modifications that would otherwise be prohibited under the standard zoning rules.

On the other hand, a special use permit is designed to permit land uses that are not typically allowed by the zoning ordinance but may be suitable under certain conditions. It often includes specific conditions that must be met to ensure the proposed use does not negatively impact surrounding properties or the community at large.

This distinction is crucial, as a variance generally modifies the dimensional or performance standards of zoning laws (like setbacks, height limits, or lot coverage), while a special use permit expands the types of land uses allowed within a zoning district. Understanding this difference helps in navigating zoning regulations and requirements for land development effectively.